Community Health Practice :-
Community health practices refers to the application of concept of community health for the prevention , early diagnosis , appropriate treatment of diseases , maintenance and promotion of health, recognition of environmental and occupational hazards for good health and rehabilitation of needy person.
The community health practices , In preventive health services also main focus is given on primary level of preventive health services. These include,
1. 1. Immunization.
2. 2. Environmental Sanitation.
3. 3. Ensure Safe Drinking water.
4.
4. Well organise Maternal Health Services.
5.
5. Proper Nutrition.
6.
6. Prevention of traffic accident.
7. 7. Health Education.
The following measures should be applied to make the
Community Health Practices more effective:-
1. There should be equitable distribution of health
services.
2. There should be community involvement in the planning ,
implementation & evaluation of health services.
3. Use locally available resources as much possible.
4. There should be provision for in service education &
continuing education program for health care providers.
The success of community health practices
depends on two elements.
A. Community Diagnosis.
B. Community Treatment.
A. Community Diagnosis ( Community Assessment):-
Community diagnosis is a systematic process of
assessing the health status, needs, strengths, and challenges of a specific
community or population.
It involves gathering and analyzing data from various
sources to understand the health profile of the community, including
epidemiological data, demographic information, health behaviors, social
determinants of health, environmental factors, and available resources.
The purpose of community diagnosis is to
identify priority health issues, disparities, and areas for intervention, with
the ultimate goal of informing planning, decision-making, and action to improve
the health and well-being of the community.
Importance of Community Diagnosis:-
Following importance of community
Diagnosis.
1. Identification of Health Needs. Community diagnosis
allows for a comprehensive assessment of the health status, needs, and
priorities of a specific population.
2. It Provides foundation for providing comprehensive health
services to the people.
3. It is a tools disclosure the hidden health
problems.
4. It is helpful in establishing an epidemiologic baseline
for measuring future health improvements.
5. It is helpful in creating public interest towards their
health.
Stages of Process
of Community Diagnosis :-
The process of community diagnosis typically involves
several stages:
1. Initiation. 2.
Data Collection & Analysis. 3. Diagnosis. 4. Dissemination.
1. Initiation :
In order to initiation a community diagnosis project , a
working group should be set up. At an early stage , it is very essential to
identify available resources such as man , money & material.
2. Data collection & Analysis.
Two sub stages ,
( i ) Data Collection. ( ii ) Analysis of Data
( i ) Data Collection : In this stage , both the
quantitative & qulititative data are collected.
The following data
are collected.
1. 1. Size of community.
2. 2.Age of community members.
3. 3. Sex of community members.
4. 4. Education level of community members.
5. 5.Occupation.
6. 6.Socio - Economic status.
7. 7. Housing Information.
8. 8.Transportation Facilities.
9. 9.Available Medical facilities.
10.10.Water supply facilities.
11.11.Electricity facility.
12. 12. Disposal Facility.
13. 13. Available of Political support.
Above data collection by following
methods.
( a ) Survey , ( b ) Face to Face
interview & ( c ) Questionnaire etc.
( ii ) Data Analysis :
1.
Analyzing collected data to identify patterns,
trends, and disparities in health outcomes and health determinants within the
community.
2. 1. Identifying priority health issues and
populations at risk based on the analysis of data.
3. 2. Diagnosis: Community diagnosis is made
from analysis of data. It should comprise following area.
4. 3. Health Status of Community Members.
5. 4. Health needs & Health problems of community.
6. 5. Health determinants of community.
7. 6. Dissemination: It includes dissemination of
community diagnosis report.
Community Treatment :
Community treatment refers to healthcare services,
interventions, and support provided to individuals within their local community
or neighbourhood settings.
Characteristics of effective community treatment. :
1. Equitable distribution of
Health care services.
2. Health care services should
be planned & implemented in sequence with health needs & problems of
community.
3. Active participation of
community members.
4. Health care services should
be planned & implemented in sequence with available resources.
5. Effective community
treatment appropriate, latest & affordable technique should be used.
Activities Performed during community treatment:
1.
1. MCH services.
2. 2. Immunization.
3. 3. Family Planning services.
4. 4. Safe water supply.
5. 5. Effective measures for Prevention of water
pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, health hazards etc.
6. 6. Treatment of illnesses & injury.
7. 7. Prevention of communicable & non
communicable diseases .
8.
8. Health education.
9.
9. Referral as per need.
Determinants of Community Health :
Determinants of
community health are the factors, both individual and collective, that
influence the health outcomes and well-being of a population. These
determinants can be categorized into several broad domains:
1. Human Biology.:
A. Genetic Factor.
B. Race.
C. Age.
2. Environmental Determinants:
A. Internal
environment : It pertains to every component part of human body, every cell,
every tissue, every organ every system.
B. External
environment : It consist of those things which a person is exposed. Component
of external environment as bellow .
C. Physical
component : Water, Temperature, Air, Soil, Humidity, Light, Housing , Noise,
Electromagnetic field, Solar waves etc.
D. Biological component : Animals , Trees, Human being
, Virus, Bacteria, Insects, Protozoa etc.
E. Chemical component : Gases, Smoke,
Dust particles , allergic substance etc.
F. Social component : Social customs, Beliefs,
Traditions & Economic status etc.
3. Life Style :
A. Smoking.
B. Chewing tobacco.
C. Use of alcohol.
C. Lack of exercise.
4. Availability of Health Services :
A. Equitable Distribution .
B. Community involvement
C. Easily accessible.
D. Affordable cost.
E. Based on advanced technology.
5 Other Determinants:
A. A. Economic condition.
B.
B. Educational status.
C. C. Nutritional status.
D. D. Agriculture factors.
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